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Background: Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the
19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and
in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched
over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the
UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the
dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous
European nation. The UK currently is weighing the degree of its integration with
continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside of the EMU for
the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK.
Regional assemblies with varying degrees of power opened in Scotland, Wales,
and Northern Ireland in 1999.
Location: Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of
the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
Area:
Total: 244,820 sq km
Land: 241,590 sq km
Water: 3,230 sq km
Note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
Land Boundaries:
Total: 360 km
Border Countries:
Ireland 360 km
Coastline: 12,429 km
Elevation Extremes:
Lowest Point: Fenland -4 m
Highest Point: Ben Nevis 1,343
Population: 59,511,464 (July 2000 est.)
Ethnic Groups: English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%,
Ulster 1.8%, West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%
Languages: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales),
Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
Information courtesy of the
CIA World Factbook.
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